did the sumerians come from hungary?
The earliest truly urban civilization, predating the ancient Egyptians, emerged about 3200 BC in the Fertile Crescent between and around the rivers Tigris and Euphrates in ancient Mesopotamia (modern day southeastern Iraq). This civilization spawned a host of urban centers towards the Indus River valley -- from southeastern Iran to India and Pakistan -- trading commodities, technologies, architectures, and ideas.
Mesopotamia is a Greek word, literally meaning 'between the rivers', and the land was originally called Sumer by the Sumerian speaking people who settled there, possibly as early as 5000 BC or much earlier. Over time, the Sumer culture was followed by the Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian cultures, and cities such as Uruk, Ur, Babylon, Nimrud, and Nineveh became immortalized.
The Sumer civilization produced the earliest writing (in cuneiform script on clay tablets), and some of the first sciences, mathematics, laws and philosophies of the world. The Sumerians developed extensive trade networks and structured social hierarchies -- sedentary and agricultural communities -- that gave birth to the first kingdoms and empires. They used a highly sophisticated system of irrigation and agriculture, taking full advantage of the waters of the two rivers, and established magnificent cities.
So, who were the Sumerians and where did they come from?
The first tablets of the ancient Sumerian language were re-discovered in the nineteenth century and deciphering them was very difficult because the language was unrelated to ancient Arabic, Assyrian, Canaanite, Egyptian, Indian, Jewish, Persian and Phoenician, and did not appear to be related to any language from contemporaneous African, Asian or European dialects.
However, there were significant similarities between the ancient Sumerian language and those of the Mongolian, Turkic, and Hungarian languages (Hungarian being a non Indo-European language) to make headway in the deciphering process.
Of the 53 characteristics of Sumerian grammar, there are 51 matching characteristics in the Hungarian language compared to only 29 in the Turkic languages, 24 in the Caucasian languages, 21 in the Uralic languages, 5 in the Semitic languages and 4 in the Indo-European languages.
That the grammatical structure of the Hungarian language was found to be the closest to that of the Sumerian language, gives rise to the belief that the first civilization in Sumer may have been developed by immigrants from Eastern Europe escaping from the Ice Age.
Tens of thousands of clay tablets and cylinder-seals exist containing Sumerian texts describing everything from taxation and administrative records to essays, literature and ethics on kingship, priesthood, the art of love making, kindness, song, the crafts of scribes, builders, leather makers, woodworkers, copper workers and beer makers. The Sumerians appear to have arrived in Mesopotamia with the attributes of civilization already formulated!
Fundamental to everything in the Sumerian civilization were the gods and goddesses whom the Sumerians called the Anunnaki -- those who came from heaven to earth -- and the Sumerian Family Tree differentiates between those Gods and Goddesses who were born on earth (the new generation) and those born in heaven according to their clashing personalities.
The Sumerian texts also describe the Epic of Creation -- on which Genesis is based --and when Abraham fled from Ur in Iraq to found the new religion of Judaism, he took all of the Sumerian ideas with him.
Mesopotamia is a Greek word, literally meaning 'between the rivers', and the land was originally called Sumer by the Sumerian speaking people who settled there, possibly as early as 5000 BC or much earlier. Over time, the Sumer culture was followed by the Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian cultures, and cities such as Uruk, Ur, Babylon, Nimrud, and Nineveh became immortalized.
The Sumer civilization produced the earliest writing (in cuneiform script on clay tablets), and some of the first sciences, mathematics, laws and philosophies of the world. The Sumerians developed extensive trade networks and structured social hierarchies -- sedentary and agricultural communities -- that gave birth to the first kingdoms and empires. They used a highly sophisticated system of irrigation and agriculture, taking full advantage of the waters of the two rivers, and established magnificent cities.
So, who were the Sumerians and where did they come from?
The first tablets of the ancient Sumerian language were re-discovered in the nineteenth century and deciphering them was very difficult because the language was unrelated to ancient Arabic, Assyrian, Canaanite, Egyptian, Indian, Jewish, Persian and Phoenician, and did not appear to be related to any language from contemporaneous African, Asian or European dialects.
However, there were significant similarities between the ancient Sumerian language and those of the Mongolian, Turkic, and Hungarian languages (Hungarian being a non Indo-European language) to make headway in the deciphering process.
Of the 53 characteristics of Sumerian grammar, there are 51 matching characteristics in the Hungarian language compared to only 29 in the Turkic languages, 24 in the Caucasian languages, 21 in the Uralic languages, 5 in the Semitic languages and 4 in the Indo-European languages.
That the grammatical structure of the Hungarian language was found to be the closest to that of the Sumerian language, gives rise to the belief that the first civilization in Sumer may have been developed by immigrants from Eastern Europe escaping from the Ice Age.
Tens of thousands of clay tablets and cylinder-seals exist containing Sumerian texts describing everything from taxation and administrative records to essays, literature and ethics on kingship, priesthood, the art of love making, kindness, song, the crafts of scribes, builders, leather makers, woodworkers, copper workers and beer makers. The Sumerians appear to have arrived in Mesopotamia with the attributes of civilization already formulated!
Fundamental to everything in the Sumerian civilization were the gods and goddesses whom the Sumerians called the Anunnaki -- those who came from heaven to earth -- and the Sumerian Family Tree differentiates between those Gods and Goddesses who were born on earth (the new generation) and those born in heaven according to their clashing personalities.
The Sumerian texts also describe the Epic of Creation -- on which Genesis is based --and when Abraham fled from Ur in Iraq to found the new religion of Judaism, he took all of the Sumerian ideas with him.
Labels: anunnaki, civilization, fertile crescent, hungary, incremental migration, iraq, mesopotamia, sumer, sumerians
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